On the Inherent Dose-Reduction Potential of Classical Ghost Imaging

TL;DR

This paper investigates the inherent dose-reduction potential of classical ghost imaging, revealing that its SNR advantages are limited and often due to increased dose rather than fundamental benefits.

Contribution

It provides a detailed analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio in ghost imaging, clarifying when it offers genuine advantages over conventional imaging.

Findings

Ghost imaging's SNR benefits are limited to specific scenarios.

Increased dose explains the apparent SNR advantages in some cases.

Recent conflicting results are explained by differences in experimental conditions.

Abstract

Classical ghost imaging is a computational imaging technique that employs patterned illumination. It is very similar in concept to the single-pixel camera in that an image may be reconstructed from a set of measurements even though all imaging quanta that pass through that sample are never recorded with a position resolving detector. The method was first conceived and applied for visible-wavelength photons and was subsequently translated to other probes such as x rays, atomic beams, electrons and neutrons. In the context of ghost imaging using penetrating probes that enable transmission measurement, we here consider several questions relating to the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This is compared with the SNR for conventional imaging under scenarios of constant radiation dose and constant experiment time, considering both photon shot-noise and per-measurement electronic read-out noise. We show that inherent improved SNR capabilities of ghost imaging are limited to a subset of these scenarios and are actually due to increased dose (Fellgett advantage). An explanation is also presented for recent results published in the literature that are not consistent with these findings.