Looking for the possible gluon condensation signature in sub-TeV gamma-ray spectra: from active galactic nuclei to gamma ray bursts

TL;DR

This paper proposes that gluon condensation in protons can explain various anomalies in sub-TeV gamma-ray spectra from active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts, providing a unified QCD-based explanation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel application of gluon condensation effects to interpret gamma-ray spectral anomalies in astrophysical sources.

Findings

Gluon condensation explains broken power-law spectra in blazars.

It accounts for spectral hardening in specific gamma-ray sources.

The model successfully describes recent sub-TeV gamma-ray observations.

Abstract

The gluon condensation in the proton as a dynamical model is used to treat a series of unsolved puzzles in sub-TeV gamma ray spectra, they include the broken power-law of blazar's radiation, the hardening confusion of 1ES 1426+428, Mkn 501, and the recently recorded sub-TeV gamma spectra of GRB 180720B and GRB 190114C. We find that the above anomalous phenomena in gamma ray energy spectra can be understood with the simple broken power law based on a QCD gluon condensation effect.