Time-Domain Modeling of Three-Dimensional Earth's and Planetary Electromagnetic Induction Effect in Ground and Satellite Observations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a comprehensive time-domain modeling framework for 3-D electromagnetic induction effects in heterogeneous planetary interiors, applicable to ground and satellite data, accommodating complex current systems and conductivity distributions.

Contribution

It provides a novel, flexible approach that does not assume potential magnetic fields and handles complex, time-varying current systems in 3-D planetary models.

Findings

Enables real-time calculation of 3-D EM induction effects.

Handles arbitrary conductivity distributions within planets.

Applicable to both stationary and satellite observations.

Abstract

Electric currents induced in conductive planetary interiors by time-varying magnetospheric and ionospheric current systems have a significant effect on electromagnetic (EM) field observations. Complete characterization of EM induction effects is difficult owing to non-linear interactions between the three-dimensional (3-D) electrical structure of a planet and spatial complexity of inducing current systems. We present a general framework for time-domain modeling of 3-D EM induction effects in heterogeneous conducting planets. Our approach does not assume that the magnetic field is potential, allows for an arbitrary distribution of electrical conductivity within a planet, and can deal with spatially complex time-varying current systems. The method is applicable to both data measured at stationary observation sites and satellite platforms, and enables the calculation of 3-D EM induction effects in near real-time settings.