Estimation of CP violating EDMs from known mechanisms in the SM

TL;DR

This paper estimates the maximum possible electric dipole moments (EDMs) in various particles and systems within the Standard Model mechanisms, highlighting the importance of multiple measurements to understand CP violation sources.

Contribution

It provides comprehensive estimates of EDMs from known SM mechanisms across diverse systems, emphasizing the need for multiple measurements to distinguish CP violation sources.

Findings

EDM estimates vary significantly across systems.

Same EDM constraints can imply different CP violation limits.

Multiple system measurements are crucial for understanding CP violation.

Abstract

New sources of CP violation, beyond the known sources in the standard model (SM), are required to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe. Measurement of a non-zero permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) for fundamental particles, such as in an electron or a neutron, or in nuclei or atoms, can help us gain a handle on the sources of CP violation, both in SM and beyond. Multiple mechanisms within the SM can generate CP violating EDMs, viz.\ through the CKM matrix in the weak sector or through the QCD $\bar{\theta}$ parameter in the strong sector. We will estimate the maximum possible EDMs of leptons, certain baryons, select atoms and molecules in the (CKM$\bigoplus\bar{\theta}$) framework, assuming that the EDM wholly originates from either of the two SM mechanisms, independently. These estimates have been presented in light of the current experimental upper limits on the EDMs, in the following systems - leptons: $e^-$, $\mu^-$, $\tau^-$, $\nu_e^0$, $\nu^0_{\mu}$, $\nu^0_{\tau}$, baryons: $n^0$, $p^+$, $\Lambda^0$, $\Sigma^0$, $\Xi^0$, $\Lambda^+_c$, $\Xi^+_c$, atoms: $^{85}$Rb, $^{133}$Cs, $^{210}$Fr, $^{205}$Tl, $^{199}$Hg, $^{129}$Xe, $^{225}$Ra, $^{223}$Rn, and molecules: HfF$^+$, PbO, YbF, ThO, RaF, TlF. Particularly, to drive home the point that EDMs in different systems constrain CP-violating interactions differently, we show that the same measured constraint on the EDM in two different systems may not actually be equally constraining on CP violating parameters, and to emphasize the need to measure a non-zero EDM in multiple systems before understanding the origins of these CP-violating EDMs.