A High-Level Description and Performance Evaluation of Pupil Invisible

TL;DR

This paper evaluates Pupil Invisible glasses, a head-mounted eye tracker designed for real-world use, demonstrating its robustness and calibration-free gaze estimation across various challenging conditions.

Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive performance evaluation of Pupil Invisible glasses, introducing a geometric framework for accuracy assessment and highlighting its robustness without calibration.

Findings

Robust gaze estimates without calibration

Effective in outdoor lighting and headset slippage

Outperforms traditional head-mounted trackers

Abstract

Head-mounted eye trackers promise convenient access to reliable gaze data in unconstrained environments. Due to several limitations, however, often they can only partially deliver on this promise. Among those are the following: (i) the necessity of performing a device setup and calibration prior to every use of the eye tracker, (ii) a lack of robustness of gaze-estimation results against perturbations, such as outdoor lighting conditions and unavoidable slippage of the eye tracker on the head of the subject, and (iii) behavioral distortion resulting from social awkwardness, due to the unnatural appearance of current head-mounted eye trackers. Recently, Pupil Labs released Pupil Invisible glasses, a head-mounted eye tracker engineered to tackle these limitations. Here, we present an extensive evaluation of its gaze-estimation capabilities. To this end, we designed a data-collection protocol and evaluation scheme geared towards providing a faithful portrayal of the real-world usage of Pupil Invisible glasses. In particular, we develop a geometric framework for gauging gaze-estimation accuracy that goes beyond reporting mean angular accuracy. We demonstrate that Pupil Invisible glasses, without the need of a calibration, provide gaze estimates which are robust to perturbations, including outdoor lighting conditions and slippage of the headset.