Wray 15-906: a candidate luminous blue variable discovered with WISE, Herschel and SALT

TL;DR

This study identifies Wray 15-906 as a candidate luminous blue variable with a circumstellar shell, characterizing its physical properties, evolutionary status, and variability, suggesting it is a post-red supergiant possibly originating from binary evolution.

Contribution

First detailed analysis of Wray 15-906 as a luminous blue variable candidate, including its physical parameters, circumstellar environment, and evolutionary implications.

Findings

Wray 15-906 has a circumstellar shell of about 2 pc in diameter.

The star has a luminosity of log(L/Lsun)≈5.4 and a temperature of 25±2 kK.

It shows quasi-periodic variability with a period of approximately 1700 days.

Abstract

We present the results of study of the Galactic candidate luminous blue variable Wray 15-906, revealed via detection of its infrared circumstellar shell (of \approx2 pc in diameter) with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the Herschel Space Observatory. Using the stellar atmosphere code CMFGEN and the Gaia parallax, we found that Wray 15-906 is a relatively low-luminosity, log(L/Lsun)\approx5.4, star of temperature of 25\pm2 kK, with a mass-loss rate of \approx3\times10^{-5} Msun/yr, a wind velocity of 280\pm50 km/s, and a surface helium abundance of 65\pm2 per cent (by mass). In the framework of single star evolution, the obtained results suggest that Wray 15-906 is a post-red supergiant star with initial mass of \approx26\pm2 Msun and that before exploding as a supernova it could transform for a short time into a WN11h star. Our spectroscopic monitoring with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) does not reveal significant changes in the spectrum of Wray 15-906 during the last 8 yr, while the V-band light curve of this star over years 1999--2019 shows quasi-periodic variability with a period of \approx1700 d and an amplitude of \approx0.1 mag. We estimated the mass of the shell to be 2.9\pm0.5 Msun assuming the gas-to-dust mass ratio of 200. The presence of such a shell indicates that Wray 15-906 has suffered substantial mass loss in the recent past. We found that the open star cluster C1128-631 could be the birth place of Wray 15-906 provided that this star is a rejuvenated product of binary evolution (a blue straggler).