Waveguide-Type Multiplexer for Multiline Observation of Atmospheric Molecules using Millimeter-Wave Spectroradiometer

TL;DR

This paper presents a waveguide-type multiplexer designed for millimeter-wave spectroradiometers to enable simultaneous observation of multiple atmospheric molecules, improving atmospheric monitoring capabilities.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel four-stage sideband-separating waveguide multiplexer with high IRR and well-defined frequency bands for atmospheric molecular observation.

Findings

Passbands of 243-251 GHz, 227-235 GHz, 197-205 GHz, 181-189 GHz achieved.

IRRs higher than 25 dB at each band center.

Increased receiver noise due to waveguide transmission loss.

Abstract

In order to better understand the variation mechanism of ozone abundance in the middle atmosphere, the simultaneous monitoring of ozone and other minor molecular species, which are related to ozone depletion, is the most fundamental and critical method. A waveguide-type multiplexer was developed for the expansion of the observation frequency range of a millimeter-wave spectroradiometer, for the simultaneous observation of multiple molecular spectral lines. The proposed multiplexer contains a cascaded four-stage sideband-separating filter circuit. The waveguide circuit was designed based on electromagnetic analysis, and the pass frequency bands of Stages 1-4 were 243-251 GHz, 227-235 GHz, 197-205 GHz, and 181-189 GHz. The insertion and return losses of the multiplexer were measured using vector network analyzers, each observation band was well-defined, and the bandwidths were appropriately specified. Moreover, the receiver noise temperature and the image rejection ratio (IRR) using the superconducting mixer at 4 K were measured. As a result, the increase in receiver noise due to the multiplexer compared with that of only the mixer can be attributed to the transmission loss of the waveguide circuit in the multiplexer. The IRRs were higher than 25 dB at the center of each observation band. This indicates that a high and stable IRR performance can be achieved by the waveguide-type multiplexer for the separation of sideband signals.