Structure and automorphisms of pure virtual twin groups

TL;DR

This paper investigates the algebraic structure and automorphisms of pure virtual twin groups, establishing their properties as right-angled Artin groups, their decompositions, and residual finiteness, advancing understanding in virtual knot theory.

Contribution

It provides a detailed presentation, decomposition, and automorphism analysis of pure virtual twin groups, extending classical twin groups to the virtual setting.

Findings

$PVT_n$ is an irreducible right-angled Artin group with trivial center.

$PVT_n$ decomposes as an iterated semi-direct product of infinite rank free groups.

$VT_n$ is residually finite and $PVT_n$ has the $R_inite$-property.

Abstract

Study of stable isotopy classes of a finite collection of immersed circles without triple or higher intersections on closed oriented surfaces is considered as a planar analogue of virtual knot theory, a far reaching generalisation of classical knot theory. Recent works have established Alexander and Markov theorems in the planar setting. In the classical case, the role of groups is played by twin groups, a class of right-angled Coxeter groups. A new class of groups called virtual twin groups, that extends twin groups in a natural way, plays the role of groups in the virtual case. The virtual twin group $VT_n$ contains the pure virtual twin group $PVT_n$, a planar analogue of the pure Artin braid group. In this paper, we prove that the pure virtual twin group $PVT_n$ is an irreducible right-angled Artin group with trivial center and give it's precise presentation. We show that $PVT_n$ has a decomposition as an iterated semi-direct product of infinite rank free groups. We give a complete description of the automorphism group of $PVT_n$ and establish splitting of natural exact sequences of automorphism groups. As applications, we show that $VT_n$ is residually finite and $PVT_n$ has the $R_\infty$-property.