Seasonal-adjustment Based Feature Selection Method for Large-scale Search Engine Logs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a seasonal-adjustment feature selection method for search engine logs to improve infectious disease outbreak predictions by decomposing time series and selecting relevant search terms, outperforming existing methods.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel seasonal-adjustment based feature selection approach that decomposes search data into components and selects features for each, enhancing prediction stability and accuracy.

Findings

Outperforms comparative methods in 7 out of 10 diseases.

Effectively selects semantically relevant search terms.

Improves prediction accuracy in both now-casting and forecasting.

Abstract

Search engine logs have a great potential in tracking and predicting outbreaks of infectious disease. More precisely, one can use the search volume of some search terms to predict the infection rate of an infectious disease in nearly real-time. However, conducting accurate and stable prediction of outbreaks using search engine logs is a challenging task due to the following two-way instability characteristics of the search logs. First, the search volume of a search term may change irregularly in the short-term, for example, due to environmental factors such as the amount of media or news. Second, the search volume may also change in the long-term due to the demographic change of the search engine. That is to say, if a model is trained with such search logs with ignoring such characteristic, the resulting prediction would contain serious mispredictions when these changes occur. In this work, we proposed a novel feature selection method to overcome this instability problem. In particular, we employ a seasonal-adjustment method that decomposes each time series into three components: seasonal, trend and irregular component and build prediction models for each component individually. We also carefully design a feature selection method to select proper search terms to predict each component. We conducted comprehensive experiments on ten different kinds of infectious diseases. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms all comparative methods in prediction accuracy for seven of ten diseases, in both now-casting and forecasting setting. Also, the proposed method is more successful in selecting search terms that are semantically related to target diseases.