The distribution and properties of DLAs at z $\leq$ 2 in the EAGLE simulations

TL;DR

This study uses the EAGLE simulations to analyze the distribution and properties of DLAs from redshift 0 to 2, revealing their association with galaxy outskirts, halo mass dependence, and the influence of feedback processes.

Contribution

It provides new insights into the spatial distribution, column densities, and metallicities of DLAs in relation to galaxy and halo properties using cosmological simulations.

Findings

DLA covering fraction increases with redshift.

Neutral hydrogen predominantly resides in galaxy outskirts.

High-mass halos have higher DLA covering fractions in the CGM.

Abstract

Determining the spatial distribution and intrinsic physical properties of neutral hydrogen on cosmological scales is one of the key goals of next-generation radio surveys. We use the EAGLE galaxy formation simulations to assess the properties of damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) that are associated with galaxies and their underlying dark matter haloes between 0 $\leq$ z $\leq$ 2. We find that the covering fraction of DLAs increases at higher redshift; a significant fraction of neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) resides in the outskirts of galaxies with stellar mass greater than or equal to 10$^{10}$ M$_\odot$; and the covering fraction of DLAs in the circumgalactic medium (CGM) is enhanced relative to that of the interstellar medium (ISM) with increasing halo mass. Moreover, we find that the mean density of the HI in galaxies increases with increasing stellar mass, while the DLAs in high- and low-halo-mass systems have higher column densities than those in galaxies with intermediate halo masses (~ 10$^{12}$ M$_\odot$ at z = 0). These high-impact CGM DLAs in high-stellar-mass systems tend to be metal-poor, likely tracing smooth accretion. Overall, our results point to the CGM playing an important role in DLA studies at high redshift (z $\geq$ 1). However, their properties are impacted both by numerical resolution and the detailed feedback prescriptions employed in cosmological simulations, particularly that of AGN.