Cooperative Multi-Point Vehicular Positioning Using Millimeter-Wave Surface Reflection (Extended version)

TL;DR

This paper introduces COMPOP, a cooperative multi-point positioning method for autonomous vehicles that leverages millimeter-wave surface reflections and vehicle cooperation to achieve real-time, line-of-sight independent positioning, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel cooperative positioning approach that removes the need for environment scanning and recognition, enabling real-time vehicle positioning even without line-of-sight.

Findings

Effective clock synchronization using phase-differential-of-arrival.

Successful position estimation via Fourier transform-based peak detection.

Simulation results demonstrate robustness in practical urban scenarios.

Abstract

Multi-point vehicular positioning is one essential operation for autonomous vehicles. However, the state-of-the-art positioning technologies, relying on reflected signals from a target (i.e., RADAR and LIDAR), cannot work without line-of-sight. Besides, it takes significant time for environment scanning and object recognition with potential detection inaccuracy, especially in complex urban situations. Some recent fatal accidents involving autonomous vehicles further expose such limitations. In this paper, we aim at overcoming these limitations by proposing a novel relative positioning approach, called Cooperative Multi-point Positioning (COMPOP). The COMPOP establishes cooperation between a target vehicle (TV) and a sensing vehicle (SV) if a LoS path exists, where a TV explicitly lets an SV to know the TV's existence by transmitting positioning waveforms. This cooperation makes it possible to remove the time-consuming scanning and target recognizing processes, facilitating real-time positioning. One prerequisite for the cooperation is a clock synchronization between a pair of TV and SV. To this end, we use a phase-differential-of-arrival based approach to remove the TV-SV clock difference from the received signal. With clock difference correction, the TV's position can be obtained via peak detection over a 3D power spectrum constructed by a Fourier transform (FT) based algorithm. The COMPOP also incorporates nearby vehicles, without knowing their locations, into the above cooperation for the case without a LoS path. The effectiveness of the COMPOP is verified by several simulations concerning practical channel parameters.