Exotic light dynamics around a fourth order exceptional point

TL;DR

This paper explores the unique light dynamics around a fourth-order exceptional point (EP4) in a planar optical waveguide, revealing novel mode conversion and chiral light behavior for advanced photonic applications.

Contribution

It introduces the first investigation of EP4 in a feasible waveguide with a multilayer gain-loss profile, demonstrating a fourth-order $eta$-switching and asymmetric mode conversion.

Findings

Discovery of a fourth-order $eta$-switching phenomenon.

Observation of chiral light dynamics around EP4.

All coupled modes fully converted into specific higher-order modes.

Abstract

The physics of exceptional point (EP) singularities, has been a key to a wide range of unique physical applications in open systems. In this context, the mutual interactions among four coupled states around a fourth-order EP (EP4) in a physical system is yet to be explored. Here, we investigate the unique features of an EP4 in a fabrication feasible planar optical waveguide with a multilayer gain-loss profile based on only two tunable parameters. A unique `fourth-order $\beta$-switching' phenomenon due to quasi-static gain-loss variation around EP4 has been explored. An exclusive chiral light dynamics following the dynamical variation of the gain-loss profile has been reported for the first time, which enables a special type of asymmetric higher-order mode conversion scheme. Here, all the coupled modes associated with an EP4 are fully converted into different specific higher-order modes based on the choice of encirclement directions. The proposed scheme would present EP4 as a new light manipulation tool for integrated photonic devices.