Attributes affecting user decision to adopt a Virtual Private Network (VPN) app
Nissy Sombatruang, Tan Omiya, Daisuke Miyamoto, M. Angela Sasse, Youki, Kadobayashi, Michelle Baddeley

TL;DR
This study investigates factors influencing user decisions to adopt VPN apps in the UK and Japan using discrete choice experiments, highlighting the importance of ratings, price, and app features in user preferences.
Contribution
It is the first to use discrete choice experiments to quantify how specific VPN app attributes affect user adoption decisions across two countries.
Findings
Customer review ratings significantly increase VPN app choice.
Price acts as a deterrent for VPN app adoption.
Different attribute priorities suggest cultural influences.
Abstract
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) helps to mitigate security and privacy risks of data transmitting on unsecured network such as public Wi-Fi. However, despite awareness of public Wi-Fi risks becoming increasingly common, the use of VPN when using public Wi-Fi is low. To increase adoption, understanding factors driving user decision to adopt a VPN app is an important first step. This study is the first to achieve this objective using discrete choice experiments (DCEs) to elicit individual preferences of specific attributes of a VPN app. The experiments were run in the United Kingdom (UK) and Japan (JP). We first interviewed participants (15 UK, 17 JP) to identify common attributes of a VPN app which they considered important. The results were used to design and run a DCE in each country. Participants (149 UK, 94 JP) were shown a series of two hypothetical VPN apps, varying in features,…
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