Investigation into Length Scale Dominance in Critical Black Hole Formation

TL;DR

This paper explores how multiple near-critical fields interact during scalar field collapse, revealing a competitive dynamic that influences black hole formation, with implications for primordial black hole production and critical phenomena in general relativity.

Contribution

It introduces a numerical study of combined near-critical fields, showing their competitive effects on black hole formation, which was not previously considered in detail.

Findings

Multiple near-critical fields compete during collapse.

Type I and Type II critical processes influence each other.

Heuristic explanation based on dynamical systems theory.

Abstract

The critical formation of low-mass black holes is a historical cornerstone of numerical General Relativity, with important implications in cosmology for censorship conjectures and the production of primordial black holes (PBHs). Concurrent with the surge in black hole observational physics in recent years has been an increased interest in these subjects. Critical formation is often suggested as a mechanism for PBH production, but it is possible that the existence of different types of critical processes potentially accompanying more realistic scenarios may affect this conclusion more than has been considered thus far. This paper numerically investigates, as a toy model, the interplay of multiple near-critical fields in the collapse of spherically symmetric scalar fields. It is found that a combination of type~I and type~II near-critical fields results in a kind of competition between their respective critical evolutions and propose. A heuristic explanation for this phenomenon is given employing ideas from the theory of dynamical systems.