White holes, primordial black holes and Dark Matter

TL;DR

This paper explores the role of Strange Quark Nuggets as dark matter relics, discusses their potential to form black holes, and suggests observational strategies to distinguish these phenomena from primordial black holes.

Contribution

It proposes that Strange Quark Nuggets constitute a significant portion of dark matter and argues against primordial black holes being the primary relics.

Findings

Strange Quark Nuggets can account for 12.5-25% of dark matter.

Only a small fraction of SQNs form binaries that can become black holes.

High energy gamma-ray observations can differentiate SQN binaries from black holes.

Abstract

Strange Quark Nuggets are the relics of the microsecond old universe after the big bang. The universe having experienced a mini inflation of 7-e folding has gone through supercooling leading to a first order phase transition from quark to hadrons. Strange Quark Nuggets, the relics of this phase transition will constitute 12.5% or at the most 25% of the dark matter of the universe. Only 10-3 or 10-4 part of the total number of SQNs form binaries, and only some of the binaries will turn to black holes. Primordial Black Hole (PBH) as a relic is shown to be not a plausible scenario. Simultaneous observation of high energy gamma rays from SQN binaries formed from coalescence of SQNs along with black holes will be the vital cursor of this evolutionary scenario just presented.