Simple, compact, high-resolution monochromatic x-ray source for characterization of x-ray calorimeter arrays

TL;DR

This paper presents a simple, portable monochromatic x-ray source using channel cut crystals, designed for high-resolution calibration of x-ray calorimeters, achieving near theoretical energy resolution and high count rates.

Contribution

The authors developed a compact, easy-to-use monochromatic x-ray source with high spectral resolution tailored for calibrating advanced x-ray calorimeters.

Findings

Achieved output count rates up to 10 counts/sec/pixel.

Measured energy resolution upper limit of 0.7 eV FWHM at 5.4 keV.

Designed monochromators with theoretical resolutions of 0.125, 0.197, and 0.086 eV.

Abstract

X-ray calorimeters routinely achieve very high spectral resolution, typically a few eV full width at half maximum (FWHM). Measurements of calorimeter line shapes are usually dominated by the natural linewidth of most laboratory calibration sources. This compounds the data acquisition time necessary to statistically sample the instrumental line broadening, and can add systematic uncertainty if the intrinsic line shape of the source is not well known. To address these issues, we have built a simple, compact monochromatic x-ray source using channel cut crystals. A commercial x-ray tube illuminates a pair of channel cut crystals which are aligned in a dispersive configuration to select the \kaone line of the x-ray tube anode material. The entire device, including x-ray tube, can be easily hand carried by one person and may be positioned manually or using a mechanical translation stage. The output monochromatic beam provides a collimated image of the anode spot with magnification of unity in the dispersion direction (typically 100-200 $\mu$m for the x-ray tubes used here), and is unfocused in the cross-dispersion direction, so that the source image in the detector plane appears as a line. We measured output count rates as high as 10 count/s/pixel for the Hitomi Soft X-ray Spectrometer, which had 819 $\mu$m square pixels. We implemented different monochromator designs for energies of 5.4 keV (one design) and 8.0 keV (two designs) which have effective theoretical FWHM energy resolution of 0.125, 0.197, and 0.086 eV, respectively; these are well-suited for optimal calibration measurements of state-of-the art x-ray calorimeters. We measured an upper limit for the energy resolution of our \crkaone monochromator of 0.7 eV FWHM at 5.4 keV, consistent with the theoretical prediction of 0.125 eV.