A Classical Analogue to the Standard Model, Chapters 4-11: Particle generations and masses; curved spacetimes and gravitation; heavy weak bosons

TL;DR

This paper introduces a classical analogue model that replicates the Standard Model's particle spectrum and interactions, accurately predicts particle masses and gravitational constant without free parameters, and suggests a unifying relationship between lepton generations, gravity, and electroweak scale.

Contribution

The paper presents a highly constrained classical analogue model that predicts particle masses and gravitational constant with no free parameters, unifying fundamental interactions.

Findings

Predicted tau, W, Z, and Higgs masses within 0.1 sigma of observed values.

Calculated Newton's constant matching experimental value within 0.1 sigma.

Eliminated right-handed weak interaction and incorporated gravity into the model.

Abstract

The $\mathbb{C}^{\wedge 18}$ analogue model contains counterparts to the particle spectrum and interactions of the Standard Model, and has only three tunable parameters. As the structure of this model is highly constrained, predictive relationships between constants may be obtained. In Chapters 4-6, the masses of the tau, the $W$ and $Z$ bosons, and a Higgs-like scalar boson are calculated as functions of $\alpha$, $m_e$, and $m_\mu$. They are shown to be $1.776867413(43)$ GeV/$c^2$, $80.3587(22)$ GeV/$c^2$, $91.1877(35)$ GeV/$c^2$, and $125.1261(48)$ GeV/$c^2$ respectively, with no free fitting parameters. All are within $0.1\,\sigma$ of the observed values of $1.77686(12)$ GeV/$c^2$, $80.360(16)$ GeV/$c^2$, $91.1876(21)$ GeV/$c^2$, and $125.11(11)$ GeV/$c^2$ respectively. In Chapter 7 the final ungauged freedom of the $\mathbb{C}^{\wedge 18}$ model is used to eliminate the right-handed weak interaction, while simultaneously introducing space-time curvature and a gravitational interaction emulating general relativity. The value of Newton's constant is then calculated from $\alpha$, $m_e$, and $m_\mu$, yielding $G_N=6.67426(230)\times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{m}^3\mathrm{kg}^{-1}\mathrm{s}^{-2}$, which is in agreement with the observed value of $G_N=6.67430(15)\times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{m}^3\mathrm{kg}^{-1}\mathrm{s}^{-2}$ with tension less than $0.1\,\sigma_\mathrm{exp}$. This persistent consistency with experiment suggests the existence of a unifying relationship between lepton generations, gravitation, and the electroweak mass scale. In the Classical Analogue to the Standard Model this unification arises from an underlying construction from coloured preons, with the low-energy residuals of the preon binding interactions corresponding to the strong nuclear force.