Efficient algorithms for tuple domination on co-biconvex graphs and web graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces faster algorithms for the k-tuple domination problem in co-biconvex and web graphs, improving computational efficiency by exploiting circular properties of their adjacency matrices.

Contribution

It develops an O(n^2) algorithm for co-biconvex graphs and a linear-time algorithm for web graphs, advancing the computational methods for these graph classes.

Findings

O(n^2) algorithm for co-biconvex graphs for 2 ≤ k ≤ |U|+3

Linear-time algorithm for web graphs using modular arithmetic

Algorithms leverage circular properties of adjacency matrices

Abstract

A vertex in a graph dominates itself and each of its adjacent vertices. The \emph{$k$-tuple domination problem}, for a fixed positive integer $k$, is to find a minimum sized vertex subset in a given graph such that every vertex is dominated by at least $k$ vertices of this set. From the computational point of view, this problem is NP-hard. It follows from previous works by Bui-Xuan et al.~(2013) and by Belmonte et al.~(2013) -- in the context of locally checkable vertex subset problems in graph classes with quickly computable and bounded min-width -- that the $k$-tuple domination problem is solvable in time $\mathcal{O}(|V(G)|^{6k+4})$ in the class of circular-arc graphs. In this work, we develop faster algorithms for $k$-tuple domination in co-biconvex graphs and in web graphs, which are incomparable subclasses of concave-round graphs and thus of circular-arc graphs. On the one hand, we present an $\mathcal{O}(n^2)$-time algorithm for solving it for each $2\leq k\leq |U|+3$, where $U$ is the set of universal vertices and $n$ the total number of vertices of the input co-biconvex graph. On the other hand, the study of this problem on web graphs was already started by Argiroffo et al. (2010) from a polyhedral point of view only for the cases $k=2$ and $k=d(G)$, where $d(G)$ equals the degree of each vertex of the input web graph $G$. We complete this study for web graphs from an algorithmic point of view, by designing a linear-time algorithm based on the modular arithmetic for integer numbers. The algorithms presented in this work are mutually independent but both exploit the circular properties of the augmented adjacency matrices of each studied graph class.