A Survey and Insights on Deployments of the Connected and Autonomous Vehicles in US

TL;DR

This paper surveys the deployment status of connected and autonomous vehicles in the US, highlighting progress, challenges, and providing recommendations for industry collaboration to enhance safety, affordability, and effectiveness.

Contribution

It offers a comprehensive overview of US CV/ITS and AV deployments, analyzing current efforts, challenges, and proposing a cooperative approach for future development.

Findings

97 V2X deployments utilizing 5.9 GHz band

18,877 vehicles with aftermarket V2X devices

Technology-driven AV market slower due to AI maturity issues

Abstract

CV/ITS (Connected Vehicle, Intelligent Transportation System) and AV/ADS (Autonomous Vehicle, Automated Driving System) have been emerging for the sake of saving people lives, improving traffic efficiency and helping the environment for decades. There are separate efforts led respectively by USDOT with state DOTs for CV, and private sectors through market driven approach from start-ups and technology companies for AV. By CV/ITS effort there are 97 deployments of V2X communications utilizing the 5.9 GHz band, 18,877 vehicles with aftermarket V2X communications devices, and 8,098 infrastructure V2X devices installed at the roadsides. However, CV/ITS still cannot be massively deployed in US markets due to lack of regulations, dedicated wireless spectrum bands, sustainable financial & business models with mature supply chain, etc. In the other side, technology-driven AV market has been much slower than expected mainly because of immaturity of AI technology to handle different complex driving scenarios in a cost effective way. In this paper, we first present these two parallel journeys focusing on the deployments including operating models, scenarios and applications, evaluations and lessons learning. Then, come up with recommendations to a cooperative CAV approach driving a more feasible, safer, affordable and cost effective transportation, but require a great industry collaboration from Automotive, Transportation. ICT and Cloud.