Two-dimensional critical systems with mixed boundary conditions: Exact Ising results from conformal invariance and boundary-operator expansions

TL;DR

This paper derives exact results for one- and two-point averages of spin, energy, and stress tensor in 2D critical Ising models with various mixed boundary conditions, and analyzes boundary-operator expansions and Casimir interactions.

Contribution

It provides new exact solutions for mixed boundary conditions in 2D critical Ising systems and explores boundary-operator expansions and Casimir effects in these configurations.

Findings

Exact one- and two-point averages for mixed boundary conditions

Boundary-operator expansions are validated against exact results

Analysis of Casimir interactions with wedge-shaped inclusions

Abstract

With conformal-invariance methods, Burkhardt, Guim, and Xue studied the critical Ising model, defined on the upper half plane $y>0$ with different boundary conditions $a$ and $b$ on the negative and positive $x$ axes. For $ab=-+$ and $f+$, they determined the one and two-point averages of the spin $\sigma$ and energy $\epsilon$. Here $+$, $-$, and $f$ stand for spin-up, spin-down, and free-spin boundaries, respectively. The case $+-+-+\dots$, where the boundary conditions switch between $+$ and $-$ at arbitrary points, $\zeta_1$, $\zeta_2$, $\dots$ on the $x$ axis was also analyzed. In this paper the alternating boundary conditions $+f+f+\dots$ and the case $-f+$ of three different boundary conditions are considered. Exact results for the one and two-point averages of $\sigma$, $\epsilon$, and the stress tensor $T$ are derived. Using the results for $\langle T\rangle$, the critical Casimir interaction with the boundary of a wedge-shaped inclusion is analyzed for mixed boundary conditions. The paper also includes a comprehensive discussion of boundary-operator expansions in two-dimensional critical systems with mixed boundary conditions. Two types of expansions - away from switching points of the boundary condition and at switching points - are considered. The asymptotic behavior of two-point averages is expressed in terms of one-point averages with the help of the expansions. We also consider the strip geometry with mixed boundary conditions and derive the distant-wall corrections to one-point averages near one edge due to the other edge using the boundary-operator expansions. The predictions of the boundary-operator expansions are consistent with exact results for Ising systems.