Evolving traversable wormholes satisfying the energy conditions in the presence of pole dark energy

TL;DR

This paper explores evolving traversable wormholes within pole dark energy models, demonstrating conditions under which they can satisfy energy conditions throughout cosmic history, including during inflation, radiation, and matter eras.

Contribution

It introduces new dynamical wormhole solutions supported by traceless EMT that satisfy energy conditions at all times, a first in the literature.

Findings

Radiation- and matter-dominated wormholes satisfy NEC but violate WEC at late times.

Traceless EMT wormholes supported by conformally invariant fields can satisfy both NEC and WEC.

Proposes a quantum gravitational origin for these wormholes and their evolution through cosmic eras.

Abstract

We consider the evolution of traversable wormhole geometries in the inflationary, radiation -- and matter -- dominated eras, and dynamic wormholes with a traceless energy-momentum tensor (EMT), within the recently proposed {\it pole dark energy} model. We show that the evolving radiation -- and matter -- dominated wormhole spacetimes satisfy the null energy condition (NEC), but possess negative energy densities at late times, thus violating the weak energy condition (WEC) in this specific domain. However, we demonstrate with a specific example that the traceless EMT evolving wormholes, supported by conformally invariant massless fields, in principle, could satisfy the WEC, and consequently the NEC, at all times and for all values of the radial coordinate. Thus, one may imagine a scenario in which these geometries originate in the Planckian era through quantum gravitational processes. Inflation could then provide a natural mechanism for the enlargement of these Planckian wormholes, where their FLRW background evolution is governed by pole dark energy. For the first time in the literature, specific dynamical $4$-dimensional solutions are presented that satisfy the NEC and WEC everywhere and everywhen.