Direct photon emission and influence of dynamical wave packets in an extended quantum molecular dynamics model

TL;DR

This paper enhances an extended quantum molecular dynamics model by embedding a direct photon production channel, enabling better reproduction of photon emission data and providing insights into nucleon energy-momentum distributions in heavy ion reactions.

Contribution

The work introduces a novel scheme to handle dynamical wave packet widths in EQMD, improving the modeling of direct photon emission in nuclear reactions.

Findings

Successfully reproduces photon yield, inverse slope, and angular distribution data.

Provides a method to analyze photon emission source velocity.

Demonstrates applicability to various reaction systems.

Abstract

Direct photon produced from first proton-neutron ($p$-$n$) collision during the early stage of heavy ion reaction is a sensitive probe to reflect energy and momentum distribution of nucleons. In this work, we embedded the hard photon production channel in an extended quantum molecular dynamics (EQMD) model, and took the direct photon as a possible probe to improve namely the Fermi motion in the EQMD model. A possible scheme is offered to handle the dynamical wave packet width within incoherent bremsstrahlung process. Direct photons calculated by our modified EQMD were compared with data of $^{14}$N + $^{12}$C at beam energies $E/A$ = 20, 30 and 40 MeV, and it is found that the yield, inverse slope and angular distribution of direct photons could be reasonably reproduced. In addition, asymmetric reaction systems of $^{4}$He + C and $^{4}$He + Zn at $E/A$ = 53 MeV are also simulated in this work. It is found that the symmetric angular distribution in the nucleon-nucleon ($N$-$N$) center-of-mass (c.m.) frame and the velocity of $ the \gamma$-emission source can be reasonably obtained from our method although there is some quantitative differences.