Cosmography approach to dark energy cosmologies: new constrains using the Hubble diagrams of supernovae, quasars and gamma-ray bursts

TL;DR

This paper uses a cosmography approach with supernovae, quasars, and gamma-ray bursts data to constrain dark energy models, revealing tensions in the standard b1CDM model at high redshifts and testing alternative parametrizations.

Contribution

It introduces a model-independent cosmography analysis combining multiple high-redshift data sets to evaluate dark energy models and their consistency with observations.

Findings

b1CDM model shows tension with high-redshift data

Alternative dark energy parametrizations remain consistent with observations

High-redshift quasars and gamma-ray bursts can challenge the b1CDM model

Abstract

In the context of cosmography approach and using the data of Hubble diagram for supernovae, quasars and gamma-ray bursts, we study some DE parametrizations and also the concordance $\Lambda$CDM universe. Using the different combinations of data sample including ({\it i}) supernovae (Pantheon), ({\it ii}) Pantheon + quasars and ({\it iii}) Pantheon + quasars + gamma-ray bursts and applying the minimization of $\chi^2$ function of distance modulus of data samples in the context of Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, we first obtain the constrained values of the cosmographic parameters in model independent cosmography scenario. We then investigate our analysis, for different concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, $w$CDM, CPL and Pade parametrizations. Comparing the numerical values of the cosmographic parameters obtained for DE scenarios with those of the model independent method, we show that the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model has a serious tension when we involve the quasars and gamma-ray bursts data in our analysis. While the high redshift quasars and gamma-ray bursts can falsify the concordance model, our results of cosmography approach indicate that the other DE parametrizations are still consistent with these observations.