Elliptic flow of hadrons in equal-velocity quark combination mechanism in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

TL;DR

This paper uses a quark combination model with equal-velocity approximation to analyze the elliptic flow of hadrons across various collision energies, revealing a common quark-level source for hadron flow and predicting significant charm baryon flow enhancements.

Contribution

It introduces a simple relationship between hadron and quark elliptic flow under EVC, and provides a unified description of $v_{2}$ for different hadrons and quark flavors in heavy-ion collisions.

Findings

Consistent $v_{2}$ of up/down quarks from proton, $ m ext{Lambda}$, and $ m ext{Xi}$ data.

Consistent $v_{2}$ of strange quarks from $ m ext{Omega}$, $ m ext{Lambda}$, $ m ext{Xi}$, and $ m ext{phi}$ data.

Predicted $v_{2}$ of $ m ext{Lambda}_c^+$ and $ m ext{Xi}_c^0$ showing enhancement at intermediate $p_{T}$.

Abstract

We apply a quark combination model with equal-velocity combination (EVC) approximation to study the elliptic flow ($v_{2}$) of hadrons in heavy-ion collisions in a wide collision energy range ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 27 - 5020 GeV). Utilizing the simple relationship between $v_{2}$ of hadrons and those of quarks under EVC, we find that $v_{2}$ of up/down quarks obtained by experimental data of proton is consistent with that obtained by data of $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$. $v_{2}$ of strange quarks obtained by data of $\Omega$ is consistent with that obtained by data of $\Lambda$ and $\Xi$, and at RHIC energies it is also consistent with that obtained by data of $\phi$. This means that $v_{2}$ of these hadrons have a common quark-level source. Using data of $D^0$, we obtain $v_{2}$ of charm quarks with $p_T\lesssim 6$ GeV/c. We find that under EVC charm quark dominates $v_{2}$ of $D$ mesons at low $p_{T}$ but light-flavor quarks significantly contribute to $v_{2}$ of $D$ mesons in the range $3\lesssim p_{T}\lesssim8$ GeV/c. We predict $v_{2}$ of charmed baryons $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ and $\Xi_{c}^{0}$ which show a significant enhancement at intermediate $p_{T}$ due to the double contribution of light-flavor quarks. The properties of the obtained quark $v_{2}$ under EVC are studied and a regularity for $v_{2}$ of quarks as the function of $p_{T}/m$ is found.