The Discovery of lambda Bootis Stars -- The Southern Survey II

TL;DR

This study conducted a southern hemisphere spectroscopic survey, discovering 24 new lambda Bootis stars, revising classifications, and analyzing infrared excesses to understand their properties and origins.

Contribution

It is the first large-scale survey identifying new lambda Bootis stars and analyzing their infrared properties, expanding knowledge of their characteristics and prevalence.

Findings

Discovered 24 new lambda Bootis stars.

Revised classifications of 11 known lambda Bootis stars.

Many lambda Bootis stars show infrared excesses, indicating diverse ages.

Abstract

The $\lambda$ Boo stars are chemically peculiar A-type stars whose abundance anomalies are associated with the accretion of metal-poor material. We searched for $\lambda$ Boo stars in the southern hemisphere in a targeted spectroscopic survey of metal-weak and emission-line stars. Obtaining spectra for 308 stars and classifying them on the MK system, we found or co-discovered 24 new $\lambda$ Boo stars. We also revised the classifications of 11 known $\lambda$ Boo stars, one of which turned out to be a chemically normal rapid rotator. We show that stars previously classified in the literature as blue horizontal branch stars or emission-line A stars have a high probability of being $\lambda$ Boo stars, although this conclusion is based on small-number statistics. Using WISE infrared fluxes, we searched our targets for infrared excesses that might be attributable to protoplanetary or debris discs as the source of the accreted material. Of the 34 $\lambda$ Boo stars in our sample, 21 at various main-sequence ages have infrared excesses, confirming that not all $\lambda$ Boo stars are young.