Breaking BEC: Quantum evolution of unstable condensates

TL;DR

This paper investigates the quantum evolution of unstable relativistic Bose-Einstein condensates, focusing on the quantum break time and its relation to Lyapunov instability, using the 2-PI effective action formalism.

Contribution

It introduces a dynamical criterion for quantum break time and demonstrates its dependence on Lyapunov exponents in unstable BECs.

Findings

Quantum break time is governed by Lyapunov instability.

The 2-PI effective action formalism effectively captures quantum dynamics.

Fast quantum breaking correlates with chaos and scrambling phenomena.

Abstract

In this work we numerically explore the quantum behavior of a classically unstable relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). The main goal is to study the phenomenon of so-called quantum break time which amounts to a significant departure from a semiclassical mean-field description. It has been suggested previously that the existence of Lyapunov instability is crucial for a fast quantum breaking, chaos, and scrambling. In order to clarify the issue, we work within the 2-PI effective action formalism and introduce a simple and very widely applicable dynamical criterion for identifying the timescale of quantumbreaking. We indeed observe that the fast quantum break time is controlled by the Lyapunov exponent of the unstable BEC.