Thermodynamics of Gambling Demons
Gonzalo Manzano, Diego Subero, Olivier Maillet, Rosario Fazio, Jukka, P. Pekola, \'Edgar Rold\'an

TL;DR
This paper explores the thermodynamics of gambling demons that control nonequilibrium processes, deriving new inequalities and fluctuation relations, and experimentally testing these concepts in a single-electron system.
Contribution
It introduces a framework for gambling demons in thermodynamics, deriving universal inequalities and fluctuation relations for classical and quantum processes, with experimental validation.
Findings
Derived second-law-like inequalities for gambling-controlled work.
Established universal stopping-time fluctuation relations.
Experimentally validated results in a single-electron system.
Abstract
We introduce and realize demons that follow a customary gambling strategy to stop a nonequilibrium process at stochastic times. We derive second-law-like inequalities for the average work done in the presence of gambling, and universal stopping-time fluctuation relations for classical and quantum non-stationary stochastic processes. We test experimentally our results in a single-electron box, where an electrostatic potential drives the dynamics of individual electrons tunneling into a metallic island. We also discuss the role of coherence in gambling demons measuring quantum jump trajectories.
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