Generalized 331 models

TL;DR

This paper explores various embeddings of the Standard Model into the ${ m SU(3)}_c imes { m SU(3)}_L imes { m U(1)}_X$ gauge group, revealing a family of models parameterized by a free variable, many of which are unexplored.

Contribution

It introduces a systematic analysis of generalized 331 models with a free parameter, expanding the landscape of possible gauge group embeddings.

Findings

Identification of a family of models with a free parameter

Many models in this family have not been previously studied

Specific models correspond to particular parameter values

Abstract

We examine different ways in which the standard model can be embedded into the ${\rm SU(3)}_c \times {\rm SU(3)}_L \times {\rm U(1)}_X$ gauge group. We show that there exist families of models characterized by a free parameter. Only a few of these models, corresponding to specific values of the free parameter, have been studied so far.