Exploiting degeneracy to construct good ternary quantum error correcting code

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel 7-qutrit quantum error-correcting code that is optimized for ternary systems, capable of correcting multiple errors with minimal circuit depth, and demonstrates the potential for designing codes specifically for higher-dimensional quantum systems.

Contribution

It presents the first efficient, optimal 7-qutrit error-correcting code with a CSS structure, tailored specifically for ternary quantum systems, unlike codes derived from qubit systems.

Findings

Corrects up to seven phase errors and one bit error

Can correct two simultaneous bit errors on specific pairs of qutrits

Circuit depth is only two more than the ternary Steane code

Abstract

Quantum error-correcting code for higher dimensional systems can, in general, be directly constructed from the codes for qubit systems. What remains unknown is whether there exist efficient code design techniques for higher dimensional systems. In this paper, we propose a 7-qutrit error-correcting code for the ternary quantum system and show that this design formulation has no equivalence in qubit systems. This code is optimum in the number of qutrits required to correct a single error while maintaining the CSS structure. This degenerate CSS code can (i) correct up to seven simultaneous phase errors and a single bit error, (ii) correct two simultaneous bit errors on pre-defined pairs of qutrits on eighteen out of twenty-one possible pairs, and (iii) in terms of the cost of implementation, the depth of the circuit of this code is only two more than that of the ternary Steane code. Our proposed code shows that it is possible to design better codes explicitly for ternary quantum systems instead of simply carrying over codes from binary quantum systems.