Alternative derivation of the relativistic three-particle quantization condition

TL;DR

This paper introduces a simplified derivation of the relativistic three-particle quantization condition using a less symmetrized K matrix and time-ordered perturbation theory, facilitating future generalizations.

Contribution

It presents a new, explicit derivation of the three-particle quantization condition that simplifies previous methods and relates to the finite-volume unitarity approach.

Findings

Derived a new form of the three-particle quantization condition.

Established an algebraic relation between the new form and the standard form.

Provided a closed-form expression for the three-particle K matrix.

Abstract

We present a simplified derivation of the relativistic three-particle quantization condition for identical, spinless particles described by a generic relativistic field theory satisfying a $\mathbb Z_2$ symmetry. The simplification is afforded by using a three-particle quasilocal K matrix that is not fully symmetrized, $\widetilde{\mathcal{K}}_{\rm df,3}^{(u,u)}$, and makes extensive use of time-ordered perturbation theory (TOPT). We obtain a new form of the quantization condition. This new form can then be related algebraically to the standard quantization condition, which depends on a fully symmetric three-particle K matrix, $\mathcal{K}_{\rm df,3}$. The new derivation is fully explicit, allowing, for example, a closed-form expression for $\mathcal{K}_{\rm df,3}$ to be given in terms of TOPT amplitudes. The new form of the quantization condition is similar in structure to that obtained in the "finite-volume unitarity" approach, and in a companion paper we make this connection concrete. Our simplified approach should also allow a more straightforward generalization of the quantization condition to nondegenerate particles, and perhaps also to more than three particles.