Theoretical Study of Extensive Air Shower Effects in Atmosphere by Simulating the Lateral structure of Several Cosmic Radiations

TL;DR

This paper uses simulations to analyze the lateral distribution of particles in extensive air showers caused by ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays, comparing results with experimental data to validate the model.

Contribution

It provides a detailed simulation of the lateral distribution function of charged particles in EAS at ultrahigh energies using AIRES, considering primary particle type, energy, and zenith angle.

Findings

Good agreement between simulation and experimental data for electrons, positrons, and muons at 10^19 eV.

Simulation results highlight the impact of primary particle type and zenith angle on LDF.

Validated AIRES simulation approach for modeling EAS at ultrahigh energies.

Abstract

Extensive air showers (EAS) are a cascade of electromagnetic radiation and ionized particles that produced in the atmosphere through the interaction of a primary cosmic ray with the atom of nucleus in the air producing a huge amount of secondary particles such as X-ray, electrons, neutrons, muons, alpha particles, etc. In this work, EAS effects were demonstrated by estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF) at ultrahigh energies of the various cosmic ray particles. The LDF of charged particles such as electron and positron pair production, gamma and muons particles was simulated at ultrahigh energies 10^16, 10^18 and 10^19 eV. The simulation was carried out using an air shower simulator called AIRES system version 2.6.0. The effect of the primary particles, energies and zenith angle on the LDF of charged particles produced in the EAS was taken into account. Comparison of LDF for charged particles and experimental results gave good agreement for electron and positron pair production and muons particles at 10^19 eV for 0 and 10 zenith angles