Electrically tuned hyperfine spectrum in neutral Tb(II)(Cp$^{\rm{iPr5}}$)$_2$ single-molecule magnet

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that the hyperfine interaction in a neutral Tb(II) single-molecule magnet can be electrically tuned, revealing potential for quantum computing applications through the hyperfine Stark effect.

Contribution

It provides the first detailed theoretical analysis of electric field effects on hyperfine interactions in a neutral lanthanide SMM, highlighting the strong Fermi contact interaction in Tb(II).

Findings

Hyperfine interaction in Tb(II) is an order of magnitude greater than in Tb(III).

Electric field can tune the electronic-nuclear level separations via the hyperfine Stark effect.

Strong Fermi contact interaction arises from occupation of $(6s,5d)$ orbitals.

Abstract

Molecular spin qubits with long spin coherence time as well as non-invasive operation methods on such qubits are in high demand. It was shown that both molecular electronic and nuclear spin levels can be used as qubits. In solid state systems with dopants, an electric field was shown to effectively change the spacing between the nuclear spin qubit levels when the electron spin density is high at the nucleus of the dopant. Inspired by such solid-state systems, we propose that divalent lanthanide (Ln) complexes with an unusual electronic configuration of Ln$^{2+}$ have a strong interaction between the Ln nuclear spin and the electronic degrees of freedom, which renders electrical tuning of the interaction. As an example, we study electronic structure and hyperfine interaction of the $^{159}$Tb nucleus in a neutral Tb(II)(Cp$^{\rm{iPr5}}$)$_2$ single-molecule magnet (SMM) using the complete active space self-consistent field method with spin-orbit interaction included within the restricted active space state interaction. Our calculations show that the low-energy states arise from $4f^8(6s,5d_{z^2})^1$, 4$f^8$(5$d_{x^2-y^2}$)$^1$, and $4f^8(5d_{xy})^1$ configurations. We compute the hyperfine interaction parameters and the electronic-nuclear spectrum within our multiconfigurational approach. We find that the hyperfine interaction is about one order of magnitude greater than that for Tb(III)Pc$_2$ SMMs. This stems from the strong Fermi contact interaction between the Tb nuclear spin and the electron spin density at the nucleus that originates from the occupation of the $(6s,5d)$ orbitals. We also uncover that the response of the Fermi contact term to electric field results in electrical tuning of the electronic-nuclear level separations. This hyperfine Stark effect may be useful for applications of molecular nuclear spins for quantum computing.