Persistence of Topological Phases in Non-Hermitian Quantum Walks

TL;DR

This paper studies how topological phases in non-Hermitian quantum walks are affected by environmental noise, showing robustness under certain conditions and identifying noise-induced phase transitions.

Contribution

It demonstrates the persistence of topological phases in non-Hermitian quantum walks under moderate losses and explores the role of $ ext{PT}$-symmetry in these phases.

Findings

Topological phases are robust against moderate environmental losses.

$ ext{PT}$-symmetry is crucial for topological persistence in 1D quantum walks.

Noise can induce topological phase transitions in 2D quantum walks.

Abstract

Discrete-time quantum walks are known to exhibit exotic topological states and phases. Physical realization of quantum walks in a noisy environment may destroy these phases. We investigate the behavior of topological states in quantum walks in the presence of a lossy environment. The environmental effects in the quantum walk dynamics are addressed using the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach. We show that the topological phases of the quantum walks are robust against moderate losses. The topological order in one-dimensional split-step quantum walk persists as long as the Hamiltonian is $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. Although the topological nature persists in two-dimensional quantum walks as well, the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry has no role to play there. Furthermore, we observe the noise-induced topological phase transition in two-dimensional quantum walks.