Effect of quantum resonances on local temperature in nonequilibrium open systems

TL;DR

This paper investigates how quantum resonances affect local temperature measurements in nonequilibrium open quantum systems, proposing a protocol for defining local temperature and analyzing resonance-induced temperature oscillations.

Contribution

It introduces a local minimal perturbation condition for multiple impurities and demonstrates the impact of quantum resonances on local temperature profiles.

Findings

Local temperature is unique for a single impurity and observable.

Quantum resonances cause strong temperature oscillations in multiimpurity chains.

The proposed protocol extends temperature measurement to complex quantum systems.

Abstract

Measuring local temperatures of open systems out of equilibrium is emerging as a novel approach to study the local thermodynamic properties of nanosystems. An operational protocol has been proposed to determine the local temperature by coupling a probe to the system and then minimizing the perturbation to a certain local observable of the probed system. In this paper, we first show that such a local temperature is unique for a single quantum impurity and the given local observable. We then extend this protocol to open systems consisting of multiple quantum impurities by proposing a local minimal perturbation condition (LMPC). The influence of quantum resonances on the local temperature is elucidated by both analytic and numerical results. In particular, we demonstrate that quantum resonances may give rise to strong oscillations of the local temperature along a multiimpurity chain under a thermal bias.