Detecting the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background in the future Water-based Liquid Scintillator Detector Theia

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that a Water-based Liquid Scintillator detector like Theia can effectively detect the faint Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with high efficiency and low background, enabling potential discovery with moderate exposure.

Contribution

It introduces the use of Water-based Liquid Scintillator technology for DSNB detection and shows its superior signal efficiency and background suppression capabilities.

Findings

A 190 kt·yr exposure can achieve 5σ discovery of DSNB.

WbLS offers over 80% signal efficiency.

WbLS provides the best signal significance among experimental techniques.

Abstract

A large-scale neutrino observatory based on Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) will be excellently suited for a measurement of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB). The WbLS technique offers high signal efficiency and effective suppression of the otherwise overwhelming background from neutral-current interactions of atmospheric neutrinos. To illustrate this, we investigate the DSNB sensitivity for two configurations of the future Theia detector by developing the expected signal and background rejection efficiencies along a full analysis chain. Based on a statistical analysis of the remaining signal and background rates, we find that a rather moderate exposure of 190kt$\cdot$yrs will be sufficient to claim a ($5\sigma$) discovery of the faint DSNB signal for standard model assumptions. We conclude that, in comparison with other experimental techniques, WbLS offers the highest signal efficiency of more than 80\% and best signal significance over background.