The central role of entropy in adiabatic ensembles and its application to phase transitions in the grand-isobaric adiabatic ensemble

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how entropy in the grand-isobaric adiabatic ensemble can be directly computed to analyze phase transitions, validated through Monte Carlo simulations on Argon and Copper, offering new insights into thermodynamic processes.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method to determine entropy directly in the grand-isobaric adiabatic ensemble, enabling detailed study of phase transitions and thermodynamic properties.

Findings

Successful Monte Carlo simulations on Argon and Copper validate the method.

The approach provides direct $-P$ relations without virial pressure calculations.

Simulations reveal symmetric patterns in phase transition behaviors.

Abstract

Entropy has become increasingly central to characterize, understand and even guide assembly, self-organization and phase transition processes. In this work, we build on the analogous role of partition functions (or free energies) in isothermal ensembles and that of entropy in adiabatic ensembles. In particular, we show that the grand-isobaric adiabatic $(\mu,P,R)$ ensemble, or Ray ensemble, provides a direct route to determine the entropy. This allows us to follow the variations of entropy with the thermodynamic conditions and thus to explore phase transitions. We test this approach by carrying out Monte Carlo simulations on Argon and Copper in bulk phases and at phase boundaries and assess the reliability and accuracy of the method through comparisons with the results from flat-histogram simulations in isothermal ensembles and with the experimental data. Advantages of the approach are multifold and include the direct determination of the $\mu-P$ relation, without any evaluation of pressure via the virial expression, the precise control of the system size and of the number of atoms via the input value of $R$, and the straightforward computation of enthalpy differences for isentropic processes, which are key quantities to determine the efficiency of thermodynamic cycles. A new insight brought by these simulations is the highly symmetric pattern exhibited by both systems along the transition, as shown by scaled temperature-entropy and pressure-entropy plots.