Linguistic Taboos and Euphemisms in Nepali

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of linguistic taboos and euphemisms in Nepali, including a new dataset of offensive terms, to aid in offensive language detection and language learning.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed corpus-based study of Nepali offensive language, categorizes taboo words, and presents a manually curated dataset of over 1000 offensive terms.

Findings

Identified 18 categories of linguistic offenses

Discussed 12 common euphemisms and their usage

Created a dataset of 1000+ offensive terms

Abstract

Languages across the world have words, phrases, and behaviors -- the taboos -- that are avoided in public communication considering them as obscene or disturbing to the social, religious, and ethical values of society. However, people deliberately use these linguistic taboos and other language constructs to make hurtful, derogatory, and obscene comments. It is nearly impossible to construct a universal set of offensive or taboo terms because offensiveness is determined entirely by different factors such as socio-physical setting, speaker-listener relationship, and word choices. In this paper, we present a detailed corpus-based study of offensive language in Nepali. We identify and describe more than 18 different categories of linguistic offenses including politics, religion, race, and sex. We discuss 12 common euphemisms such as synonym, metaphor and circumlocution. In addition, we introduce a manually constructed data set of over 1000 offensive and taboo terms popular among contemporary speakers. This in-depth study of offensive language and resource will provide a foundation for several downstream tasks such as offensive language detection and language learning.