Tunable transverse spin-motion coupling for quantum information processing

TL;DR

This paper introduces a method to control spin-motion coupling in trapped ions by utilizing transverse laser beam profiles, enabling more flexible quantum gate operations and potentially improving fidelity.

Contribution

It demonstrates how transverse laser beam gradients can be used to tune spin-motion interactions, expanding the control over quantum gates in trapped ion systems.

Findings

Transverse beam shaping allows tunable spin-motion coupling.

Control over sidebands and carrier can optimize quantum gates.

Potential impact on improving gate fidelity in experiments.

Abstract

Laser-controlled entanglement between atomic qubits (`spins') and collective motion in trapped ion Coulomb crystals requires conditional momentum transfer from the laser. Since the spin-dependent force is derived from a spatial gradient in the spin-light interaction, this force is typically longitudinal -- parallel and proportional to the average laser $k$-vector (or two beams' $k$-vector difference), which constrains both the direction and relative magnitude of the accessible spin-motion coupling. Here, we show how momentum can also be transferred perpendicular to a single laser beam due to the gradient in its transverse profile. By controlling the transverse gradient at the position of the ion through beam shaping, the relative strength of the sidebands and carrier can be tuned to optimize the desired interaction and suppress undesired, off-resonant effects that can degrade gate fidelity. We also discuss how this effect may already be playing an unappreciated role in recent experiments.