Unsaturated Single Atoms on Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides for Ultrafast Hydrogen Evolution

TL;DR

This paper introduces a universal cold hydrogen plasma reduction method to synthesize unsaturated molybdenum single atoms on monolayer MoS2, significantly enhancing hydrogen evolution reaction kinetics for water splitting.

Contribution

It reports a new synthesis technique for single atoms on 2D materials and identifies unsaturated Mo atoms as highly active sites for hydrogen evolution.

Findings

Catalyst exhibits a Tafel slope of 35.1 mV/dec

Turnover frequency of ~10^3 s^-1 at 100 mV

Enhanced hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics

Abstract

Large scale implementation of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution requires cheap and efficient catalysts to replace expensive platinum. Molybdenum disulfide is one of the most promising alternative catalysts but its intrinsic activity is still inferior to platinum. There is therefore a need to explore new active site origins in molybdenum disulfide with ultrafast reaction kinetics and to understand their mechanisms. Here, we report a universal cold hydrogen plasma reduction method for synthesizing different single atoms sitting on two-dimensional monolayers. In case of molybdenum disulfide, we design and identify a new type of active site, i.e., unsaturated Mo single atoms on cogenetic monolayer molybdenum disulfide. The catalyst shows exceptional intrinsic activity with a Tafel slope of 35.1 mV dec-1 and a turnover frequency of ~10^3 s-1 at 100 mV, based on single flake microcell measurements. Theoretical studies indicate that coordinately unsaturated Mo single atoms sitting on molybdenum disulfide increase the bond strength between adsorbed hydrogen atoms and the substrates through hybridization, leading to fast hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics and superior hydrogen evolution activity. This work shines fresh light on preparing highly-efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting and other electrochemical processes, as well as provides a general method to synthesize single atoms on two-dimensional monolayers.