Pulsational Pair-instability Supernovae. II. Neutrino Signals from Pulsations and their Detection by Terrestrial Neutrino Detectors

TL;DR

This paper investigates the neutrino signals emitted by pulsational pair-instability supernovae (PPISNe), analyzing their light curves and spectra, and assesses their detectability with terrestrial neutrino detectors to aid early supernova observation.

Contribution

It provides detailed predictions of neutrino emissions from PPISNe and evaluates their detectability, offering insights into early warning signals for supernova observations.

Findings

Neutrino signals from PPISNe can be detected by current neutrino observatories.

Neutrino emission profiles differ significantly from other supernova types.

Detection of these neutrinos can serve as early alerts for optical telescopes.

Abstract

A Pulsational Pair-instability supernova (PPISN) evolves from a massive star with a mass $\sim 80$ -- 140 $M_{\odot}$ which develops the electron-positron pair-instability after the hydrostatic He-burning in the core has finished. In [Leung et al., ApJ 887, 72 (2019)] (Paper I) we examined the evolutionary tracks and the pulsational mass loss history of this class of stars. In this paper, we analyze the thermodynamical history to explore the neutrino observables of PPISNe. We compute the neutrino light curves and spectra during pulsation. We study the detailed neutrino emission profiles of these stars. Then, we estimate the expected neutrino detection count for different terrestrial neutrino detectors including, e.g., KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande. Finally, we compare the neutrino pattern of PPISN with other types of supernovae based on a canonical 10 kt detector. The predicted neutrino signals can provide the early warning for the telescopes to trace for the early time optical signals. Implications of neutrino physics on the expected detection are discussed.