Distributed Heteromodal Split Learning for Vision Aided mmWave Received Power Prediction

TL;DR

This paper introduces HetSLAgg, a split learning framework that combines RF signals and visual data for accurate millimeter-wave power prediction, reducing communication and energy costs while preserving privacy.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel heteromodal split learning approach with feature aggregation and manifold mixup techniques to efficiently fuse RF and visual data for power prediction.

Findings

Reduces prediction error by 44% compared to RF-only baseline.

Achieves over 20% reduction in communication and energy costs.

Maintains accuracy within 1% of baseline performance.

Abstract

The goal of this work is the accurate prediction of millimeter-wave received power leveraging both radio frequency (RF) signals and heterogeneous visual data from multiple distributed cameras, in a communication and energy-efficient manner while preserving data privacy. To this end, firstly focusing on data privacy, we propose heteromodal split learning with feature aggregation (HetSLAgg) that splits neural network (NN) models into camera-side and base station (BS)-side segments. The BS-side NN segment fuses RF signals and uploaded image features without collecting raw images. However, the usage of multiple visual data leads to an increase in NN input dimensions, which gives rise to additional communication and energy costs. To overcome additional communication and energy costs due to image interpolation to blend different frame rates, we propose a novel BS-side manifold mixup technique that offloads the interpolation operations from cameras to a BS. Subsequently, we confront energy costs for operating a larger size of the BS- side NN segment due to concatenating image features across cameras and propose an energy-efficient aggregation method. This is done via a linear combination of image features instead of concatenating them, where the NN size is independent of the number of cameras. Comprehensive test-bed experiments with measured channels demonstrate that HetSLAgg reduces the prediction error by 44% compared to a baseline leveraging only RF received power. Moreover, the experiments show that the designed HetSLAgg achieves over 20% gains in terms of communication and energy cost reduction compared to several baseline designs within at most 1% of accuracy loss.