Quantum search of matching on signed graphs

TL;DR

This paper introduces a quantum walk-based model for searching matching edges in signed complete graphs, demonstrating a quantum advantage over classical random walks in terms of search time complexity.

Contribution

It develops a quantum search framework using signed edge-driven quantum walks and analyzes its efficiency in finding matchings in complete graphs.

Findings

Quantum walk finds matching edges in O(n^{(2-α)/2}) time

Classical random walk finds matching edges in O(n^{2-α}) time

Quantum approach outperforms classical in search complexity

Abstract

We construct a quantum searching model of a signed edge driven by a quantum walk. The time evolution operator of this quantum walk provides a weighted adjacency matrix induced by the assignment of sign to each edge. This sign can be regarded as so called the edge coloring. Then as an application, under an arbitrary edge coloring which gives a matching on a complete graph, we consider a quantum search of a colored edge from the edge set of a complete graph. We show that this quantum walk finds a colored edge within the time complexity of $O(n^{\frac{2-\alpha}{2}})$ with probability $1-o(1)$ while the corresponding random walk on the line graph finds them within the time complexity of $O(n^{2-\alpha})$ if we set the number of the edges of the matching by $O(n^{\alpha})$ for $0 \le \alpha \le 1$.