A possible mechanism for multiple changing look phenomenon in Active Galactic Nuclei

TL;DR

This paper proposes a radiation pressure instability mechanism in a narrow accretion disk ring to explain the multiple semi-periodic outbursts observed in certain active galactic nuclei, providing a quantitative model for these phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces a simple, semi-quantitative model linking radiation pressure instability in a narrow disk region to multiple outbursts in active galaxies, advancing understanding of changing-look phenomena.

Findings

Model explains multiple outbursts in specific AGN

Predicted timescales are shorter than viscous timescales

Works well for observed AGN like NGC 1566 and NGC 4151

Abstract

Changing-look phenomenon observed now in a growing number of active galaxies challenges our understanding of the accretion process close to a black hole. We propose a simple explanation for the sources where multiple semi-periodic outbursts are observed, and the sources are operating at a few per cent of the Eddington limit. The outburst are caused by the radiation pressure instability operating in the narrow ring between the standard gas-dominated outer disk and the hot optically thin inner Advection-Dominated Accretion Flow. The corresponding limit cycle is responsible for periodic outbursts, and the timescales are much shorter than the standard viscous timescale due to the narrowness of the unstable radial zone. Our toy model gives quantitative predictions and works well for multiple outbursts like those observed in NGC 1566, NGC 4151, NGC 5548 and GSN 069, although the shapes of the outbursts are not yet well modeled, and further development of the model is necessary.