New states of matter with fine-tuned interactions: quantum droplets and dipolar supersolids

TL;DR

This paper reviews the emergence of quantum droplets and dipolar supersolids in ultracold quantum gases, highlighting how fine-tuned interactions and quantum fluctuations stabilize these exotic states of matter.

Contribution

It summarizes recent experimental progress and theoretical understanding of quantum droplets and supersolids formed from dipolar and Bose-Bose mixture gases.

Findings

Quantum fluctuations stabilize BECs against collapse.

Experimental realization of quantum droplets and supersolids.

Open questions for future research.

Abstract

Quantum fluctuations can stabilize Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) against the mean-field collapse. Stabilization of the condensate has been observed in quantum degenerate Bose-Bose mixtures and dipolar BECs. The fine-tuning of the interatomic interactions can lead to the emergence of two new states of matter: liquid-like selfbound quantum droplets and supersolid crystals formed from these droplets. We review the properties of these exotic states of matter and summarize the experimental progress made using dipolar quantum gases and Bose-Bose mixtures. We conclude with an outline of important open questions that could be addressed in the future.