Modular symmetry by orbifolding magnetized $T^2\times T^2$: realization of double cover of $\Gamma_N$

TL;DR

This paper investigates how modular symmetry manifests in zero-modes on magnetized tori and orbifolds, revealing that wavefunctions transform as multiplets of double covering groups of modular groups, with implications for string compactifications.

Contribution

It demonstrates that zero-modes on magnetized tori and orbifolds form multiplets of double covering groups of modular groups, extending the understanding of modular symmetry in string compactifications.

Findings

Zero-modes behave as modular forms of weight 1 for subgroup mma(N)

Wavefunctions transform as multiplets of double covering groups of mma_N

Modular symmetry is reduced from bla(2,) bla(2,) to bla(2,)

Abstract

We study the modular symmetry of zero-modes on $T_1^2 \times T_2^2$ and orbifold compactifications with magnetic fluxes, $M_1,M_2$, where modulus parameters are identified. This identification breaks the modular symmetry of $T^2_1 \times T^2_2$, $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})_1 \times SL(2,\mathbb{Z})_2$ to $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})\equiv\Gamma$. Each of the wavefunctions on $T^2_1 \times T^2_2$ and orbifolds behaves as the modular forms of weight 1 for the principal congruence subgroup $\Gamma$($N$), $N$ being 2 times the least common multiple of $M_1$ and $M_2$. Then, zero-modes transform each other under the modular symmetry as multiplets of double covering groups of $\Gamma_N$ such as the double cover of $S_4$.