Cosmological Einstein-Maxwell model with $g$-essence

TL;DR

This paper explores a cosmological model combining fermion, boson, and Maxwell fields within Einstein gravity to explain late-time accelerated expansion, highlighting energy conditions and the roles of different fields over cosmic time.

Contribution

It introduces a novel Einstein-Maxwell-$g$-essence model that accounts for universe acceleration with specific energy condition analyses and field dynamics.

Findings

Energy conditions impose simple restrictions on matter behavior.

SEC is violated, allowing accelerated expansion.

Maxwell field influences early universe dynamics.

Abstract

In this paper, we study the model of the late universe with the homogeneous, isotropic and flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, where the source of the gravitational field is based on the fermion and boson field, with the Maxwell term $F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu} $ in four dimensions. The actuation of the Maxwell term for the Einstein gravity makes it possible to find new approaches to solve the problem of the observed accelerated expansion of the universe. Energy conditions have been obtained and studied. These conditions impose very simple and model-independent restrictions on the behaviour of energy density and pressure since they do not require a specific equation of state of matter. To consider the model, the energy conditions NEC, WEC, DEC are realized, and the SEC condition is violated. The boson and fermion fields are responsible for the accelerated regime at early times, but since the total pressure is tending toward zero for large times, a transition to a decelerated regime occurs. Maxwell field is crucial only in the early times.