Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Quantum Friction
Daniel Reiche, Francesco Intravaia, Jen-Tsung Hsiang, Kurt Busch,, Bei-Lok Hu
TL;DR
This paper develops a thermodynamic framework to analyze quantum friction, emphasizing the importance of fluctuation-dissipation relations and long-time correlations, and introduces consistency conditions for modeling nonequilibrium quantum systems.
Contribution
It presents a novel thermodynamic approach to quantum friction that exposes limitations of existing theories and guides experimental and numerical modeling of open quantum systems.
Findings
Highlights the role of fluctuation-dissipation relations in quantum friction
Identifies shortcomings in popular quantum friction theories
Provides consistency conditions for nonequilibrium quantum models
Abstract
Thermodynamic principles are often deceptively simple and yet surprisingly powerful. We show how a simple rule, such as the net flow of energy in and out of a moving atom under nonequilibrium steady state condition, can expose the shortcomings of many popular theories of quantum friction. Our thermodynamic approach provides a conceptual framework in guiding atom-optical experiments, thereby highlighting the importance of fluctuation-dissipation relations and long-time correlations between subsystems. Our results introduce consistency conditions for (numerical) models of nonequilibrium dynamics of open quantum systems.
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