A Velocity Map Imaging apparatus optimized for high-resolution crossed molecular beam experiments

TL;DR

This paper introduces a high-resolution Velocity Map Imaging apparatus optimized for crossed molecular beam experiments, enabling precise velocity measurements and detailed observation of molecular scattering with minimal velocity blurring.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel electrode design and optimization process for VMI apparatus tailored to high-resolution crossed beam experiments with Stark or Zeeman decelerators.

Findings

Velocity blurring of less than 1.1 m/s achieved

Apparatus successfully used in state-of-the-art experiments

Enhanced resolution reveals fine details in velocity distributions

Abstract

We present the design of a Velocity Map Imaging apparatus tailored to the demands of high-resolution crossed molecular beam experiments employing Stark or Zeeman decelerators. The key requirements for these experiments consist of the combination of a high relative velocity resolution for large ionization volumes and a broad range of relatively low lab-frame velocities. The SIMION software package was employed to systematically optimize the electrode geometries and electrical configuration. The final design consists of a stack of 16 tubular electrodes, electrically connected with resistors, which is divided into three electric field regions. The resulting apparatus allows for an inherent velocity blurring of less than 1.1 m/s for NO$^+$ ions originating from a 3x3x3 mm ionization volume, which is negligible in a typical crossed beam experiment. The design was recently employed in several state of the art crossed-beam experiments, allowing the observation of fine details in the velocity distributions of the scattered molecules.