Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model with three-particle interaction and two-phase structure

TL;DR

This paper investigates a Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model incorporating three-particle repulsive interactions, revealing a two-phase structure within galaxy cores and implications for dark matter distribution and phase transitions.

Contribution

It introduces a modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation with a $$-model to describe dense dark matter regions, highlighting the existence of two distinct phases and a first-order phase transition.

Findings

Identification of two separate dark matter phases within galaxy cores.

Evidence of a first-order phase transition in the dark matter model.

Implications for dark matter distribution in dense astrophysical regions.

Abstract

We explore the consequences of including the repulsive three-particle interaction in the model of Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model or fuzzy dark matter. Such a model based on properly modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation is intended to describe the distribution of dark matter particles in the highly dense regions, which correspond to the galaxy core and/or to the overlap of colliding galaxies. Specifically, we deal with the $\phi^6$-model in terms of the macroscopic wave function of the condensate, where a locality of interaction is guaranteed by a large correlation length assumed to hold. After calculation of main thermodynamical characteristics, we find strong evidence of the existence of two distinct phases of dark matter, within its core, separated by the instability region lying between two differing special values of the pressure acting in the model. Some implications stemming from the existence of two phases and the related first-order phase transition are discussed.