Partial flux ordering and thermal Majorana metals in (higher-order) spin liquids

TL;DR

This paper explores various topologically distinct spin liquid states in a spin-3/2 model, revealing their thermal stability, flux ordering, and a broad thermal Majorana metal regime through quantum Monte Carlo simulations.

Contribution

It introduces a solvable spin-3/2 model exhibiting multiple higher-order topological spin liquids and analyzes their thermal properties and phase transitions.

Findings

Enhanced thermal stability of spin liquid phases

Partial flux ordering of the $ ext{Z}_2$ gauge field

Existence of a thermal Majorana metal regime

Abstract

In frustrated quantum magnetism, chiral spin liquids are a particularly intriguing subset of quantum spin liquids in which the fractionalized parton degrees of freedom form a Chern insulator. Here we study an exactly solvable spin-3/2 model which harbors not only chiral spin liquids but also spin liquids with higher-order parton band topology -- a trivial band insulator, a Chern insulator with gapless chiral edge modes, and a second-order topological insulator with gapless corner modes. With a focus on the thermodynamic precursors and thermal phase transitions associated with these distinct states, we employ numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations to reveal a number of unconventional phenomena. This includes a heightened thermal stability of the ground state phases, the emergence of a partial flux ordering of the associated $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge field, and the formation of a thermal Majorana metal regime extending over a broad temperature range.